About
W. G. "Will" Zhao is an Associate Professor with Tenure in the Stratford School of Interaction Design and Business within the Faculty of Arts at the University of Waterloo. An interdisciplinary scholar whose work advances Human-Centered Innovation Research (HCIR), Professor Zhao is also cross-appointed to the Department of Management Science and Engineering and the Department of Systems Design Engineering in the Faculty of Engineering for graduate supervision and collaborative research.
He holds visiting and external faculty roles at the University of Toronto Mississauga, the Ivey Business School at Western University, and the University of Bath School of Management, and has held an external research affiliation with Nottingham University Business School, all of which enrich the perspectives on innovation research he brings to his academic home at Waterloo. A dual national of Canada and France who has called both Montréal and Lyon home, Professor Zhao completed his PhD at the French Grande École Emlyon Business School and pursued postdoctoral research at Stanford University as an SCANCOR scholar. His teaching and research have been recognized through multiple faculty and university-level distinctions.
HCIR forms the foundation of Professor Zhao's scholarly program. His work examines how ethical reflection and artistic sensibility can inform the development, commercialization, and governance of innovations in ways that enhance, rather than erode, human well-being. Drawing on organizational theory, human-computer interaction, and systems thinking, Professor Zhao's current projects contribute to sectors where human well-being is directly at stake: creative practice, health, education, and finance (CHEF).
Beyond his research and teaching, Professor Zhao collaborates with industry and societal stakeholders to connect scholarship with practice through entrepreneurial initiatives, collaborative partnerships, and public engagement, thereby deepening the insights he brings to HCIR and its role in shaping humane organizational and technological futures.
Research Interests
Professor Zhao's research program, Human-Centered Innovation Research (HCIR), investigates innovation through a multidisciplinary lens. Situated at the intersection of the social sciences, engineering, and the arts, this work addresses pressing innovation challenges that require insights beyond traditional disciplinary boundaries. It is guided by a central question: How can innovation become more responsive to human needs, cultural contexts, and institutional complexity?
HCIR rests on the premise that innovation is not only a technical process, but also a deeply social, symbolic, and institutional phenomenon. With this perspective, the research program bridges theory and practice, contributing to both academic discourse and applied decision-making across sectors where human well-being is directly at stake: creative practice, health, education, and finance (CHEF).
1. Organizational Dimensions of Innovation
This stream investigates how organizational structures, institutional dynamics, and everyday practices shape the emergence, diffusion, and institutionalization of innovation. Drawing on organization theory, institutional analysis, and entrepreneurship research, this inquiry explores how innovation ecosystems are created and sustained across public, private, and nonprofit settings. Particular attention is paid to cross-sectoral learning—how insights from one domain (e.g., arts) can inform innovation practices in another (e.g., education or healthcare).
2. Emerging Technology Governance
In an era of rapidly advancing technologies, governance structures often struggle to keep pace. This stream investigates the ethical and regulatory dimensions of emerging technologies, with a particular focus on artificial intelligence, algorithmic systems, and data infrastructures. By engaging policymakers, organizational leaders, scientists, and technologists, Professor Zhao develops governance frameworks that are inclusive, anticipatory, and culturally attuned.
3. Human-AI Interaction and Experience Design
This stream investigates both how artificial intelligence can be leveraged as a design tool and how the resulting interactive experiences can enhance human engagement, learning, and well-being. Through AI-assisted prototyping, gamification, and experimental studies, this work explores new pathways for creating meaningful applications, with particular attention to how creators across varying levels of technical expertise can build interactive experiences across the CHEF sectors: creative practice, health, education, and finance.
Methodological Approaches
HCIR is grounded in methodological diversity and theoretical integration. Drawing from the social sciences, engineering, and the arts, Professor Zhao employs qualitative, quantitative, and computational methods to examine how innovation is imagined, enacted, and governed.
Get in Touch
Professor Zhao is based at the University of Waterloo's Stratford and main Waterloo campuses. For inquiries related to research collaborations, visiting appointments, postdoctoral supervision, and industry or community partnerships, please reach out via email will.zhao(at)uwaterloo(dot)ca.
Graduate Students
Current Graduate Student Co-Supervision and Committee Membership
- Doctoral Students 2 at University of Waterloo, 1 at University of Bath
- Master's Students 1 at University of Waterloo
- Visiting Graduate Students 3 from National University of Tainan
Completed Master's (Co-)Supervision and Readership
- Lydia Choong Reader, MM in Computer Science, Sep. 2022–Apr. 2024, University of Waterloo (Canada)
- Jingtian Zhao External Co-Supervisor, MSc in Computer Science (AI), Sep. 2021–May 2023, Lakehead University (Canada)
- Lisa Chiarelli Supervisor, MSc in Management, Sep. 2021–Oct. 2022, Lakehead University (Canada)
- Andrew Ault Co-Supervisor, MSc in Management, Sep. 2019–Oct. 2020, Lakehead University (Canada)
- Kristen Duhaime Supervisor, MSc in Management, Sep. 2019–Sep. 2020, Lakehead University (Canada)
- Katriina Tiilikainen Supervisor, MSc in Management, Sep. 2019–Oct. 2020, Lakehead University (Canada)
- Ashley Spivek Reader, MSc in Management, Sep. 2018–Sep. 2019, Lakehead University (Canada)
- Mercedes Maarup Co-Supervisor, MSc in Management, Sep. 2018–Oct. 2019, Lakehead University (Canada)
- Huihui Zhang Supervisor, MSc in Management, Sep. 2018–Dec. 2019, Lakehead University (Canada)
- Megan Reynard Reader, MSc in Management, Sep. 2017–Oct. 2018, Lakehead University (Canada)
Completed Doctoral (Co-)Supervision and Mentorship
- Ai-Jou Pan Committee Member, PhD in Engineering Science, Defended May 2024, National Cheng Kung University (Taiwan)
- Yu Vicki Meng External Mentor, PhD in Technical Communication, Defended April 2024, North Dakota State University (USA)
Completed Visiting Graduate Students Supervision
- Ai-Jou Pan Supervisor during stay, PhD in Engineering Science, Aug. 2023–Feb. 2024, National Cheng Kung University (Taiwan) → University of Waterloo (Canada)
- Po-Chun Wang Supervisor during stay, MA in Education, Aug. 2023–Feb. 2024, National Cheng Kung University (Taiwan) → University of Waterloo (Canada)
- Qin Wu Supervisor during stay, PhD in Management, Oct. 2021–Oct. 2022, Nanjing University (China) → Lakehead University (Canada)